GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION (GDPR) DAN KEDAULATAN NEGARA NON-UNI EROPA
Abstract
Pada umumnya, GDPR berlaku terhadap aktivitas proses data yang dilakukan oleh entitas yang didirikan di Uni Eropa. Namun dalam kegiatan tertentu, GDPR dapat juga berlaku diluar Uni Eropa berdasarkan prinsip ektra-teritorial. Prinsip ini memiliki hubungan dengan konsep kedaulatan dalam Hukum Internasional. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji apakah sebuah negara harus tunduk pada GDPR ketika syarat-syarat terpenuhi atau haruskah negara menggunakan kedaulan mereka sebagai dasar untuk menolak. Tulisan ini merupakan peneltiian yuridis normatif. Fokus dari tulisan ini pada perundang-undangan dan sumber hukum lain sebagai sumber hukum primer dan sekunder. Analisis dilakukan secara deduktif dari hal umum kepada hal khusus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prinsip ektra-teritorial dalam GDPR sesuai dengan hukum internasional. Praktik tersebut umum dilakukan guna melindungi warga negara dan kepentingan nasional dari adanya ancaman yang berasal dari luar. Peluang adanya tumpang tindih antara prinsip ini dengan kedaulatan negara tidak besar oleh karena prinsip tersebut hanya bekerja ketika kepentinga warga negara Uni Eropa terlanggar.
Generally, the GDPR applies to data processing activities conducted by organisations established in the European Union (EU). But in certain activities, GDPR may also apply outside EU according to extra-teritorial principle. This principle has correlation to concept of sovereignty in international law. This article aims to examine whether a state must abide to GDPR when the requirement fulfiled or should the states use their sovereignty as a basis to deny it. This article is normative legal research. It focus on case-law, statutes and other legal source as primary and subsidiary source. The analysis is deductive by reasoning from more general to more specific. The result show that extra-teritorial principle under GDPR is in accordance to international law. The practice is common in the world in order to protect the citizen and national interest from any threat from abroad. The chance of overlapping between this principles with state’s sovereignty is hardly to occur as the principle only works when the interest of European citizen violated.
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