Tinjauan Sikap dan Kebijakan Negara-Negara Terkait Pengungsi Timur Tengah: Peran Strategis Negara-Negara Mayoritas Muslim dalam Perspektif Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32662/gjgops.v4i1.1447Keywords:
pengungsi, krisis, Islam, kemanusiaanAbstract
The issue of refugees is one of the crucial issues that is currently becoming a trending topic in the international world. This can be seen from the media headlines and the proliferation of refugee camps scattered in Indonesia's various places. It is necessary to have a comprehensive and collective policy towards handling refugees in a bilateral framework by each country. However, it is necessary to have multilateral policies by Muslim-majority countries to overcome the refugee problem. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study method, focuses explicitly on Muslim-majority countries. In contrast, the type of data used in this research is data through library research/literature review, namely reports of related institutions, journals, books, websites, UNHCR data, and the results of previous research related to refugee issues. This study indicates that the attitudes and policies adopted by Muslim-majority countries related to refugees originating from the Middle East, in terms of quantity (people), the majority of refugee recipients come from OIC countries, especially in Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, and Lebanon. There are policy strategies that Muslim-majority countries can undertake to address refugee problems, including establishing a Refugee Emergency Team to safely travel to certain countries, providing education and employment rights. Islamic teachings related to refugees' handling have been discussed in many verses, hadiths, and Islamic history. However, people in Muslim countries rarely mention and articulate 'hijrah' when dealing with refugees, so that awareness and improvement of the quality of handling refugees is needed.
Isu pengungsi merupakan salah satu isu krusial yang sedang menjadi trending topic di dunia internasional. Hal ini terlihat dari headline media dan maraknya kamp pengungsian yang tersebar di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Diperlukan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan kolektif terhadap penanganan pengungsi dalam kerangka bilateral oleh masing-masing negara, diperlukan adanya kebijakan multilateral oleh negara mayoritas muslim untuk mengatasi masalah pengungsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, berfokus secara eksplisit pada negara-negara mayoritas Muslim. Sedangkan jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data melalui studi pustaka/ literatur review yaitu laporan instansi terkait, jurnal, buku, website, data UNHCR, dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya terkait masalah pengungsi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa sikap dan kebijakan yang diadopsi oleh negara-negara mayoritas Muslim terkait pengungsi yang berasal dari Timur Tengah, secara kuantitas (orang), mayoritas penerima pengungsi berasal dari negara-negara OKI, khususnya di Turki, Pakistan, Iran, dan Libanon. Ada strategi kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan oleh negara-negara mayoritas Muslim untuk mengatasi masalah pengungsi, termasuk membentuk Tim Darurat Pengungsi untuk bepergian dengan aman ke negara-negara tertentu (penerima suaka), dan memberikan hak pendidikan serta pekerjaan. Ajaran Islam terkait penanganan pengungsi telah dibahas dalam banyak ayat, hadits, dan sejarah Islam. Namun masyarakat di negara muslim jarang sekali menyebut dan mengartikulasikan 'hijrah' ketika berhadapan dengan pengungsi, sehingga diperlukan kesadaran dan peningkatan kualitas penanganan pengungsi bagi umat Islam.
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