Pengaruh Asupan Selenium terhadap Kejadian Obesitas
Abstract
Abstract
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Selenium is one of the trace elements that have antioxidant abilities in the body. In the body, selenium binds to proteins and is called selenoprotein. Several studies have shown that there are differences of serum selenium levels between obese and normal subjects, suspect relation is lipogenesis. This literature review was conducted to discuss the role of selenium in the incidence of obesity. This study uses the literature review method with data sources, namely articles published on scholar.google.com in 2019-2021. Articles obtained by searching using the keywords "selenium and obesity". To describe the association between selenium and obesity, various criteria were set for the article. The selection results found 5 articles were matched the criteria. Most (80%) studies conducted on humans used a cross-sectional design to determine the relationship between selenium intake and obesity, only one with direct intervention L-selenomethionine and showed the changes in body composition. Obese respondents had selenium deficiency both in intake, plasma and erythrocyte concentrations, also in SePP1 concentrations and GPx activity. The association between selenium and obesity is thought to be through signaling pathways and the reciprocal association between SePP in the liver and insulin in the pancreas when blood glucose increases. In the future, it is necessary to further investigate this effect in areas prone to selenium deficiency to find out recommendations for selenium supplementation in obese individuals.
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Keywords: obesity; selenium; selenium deficiency
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Abstrak
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Selenium merupakan salah satu trace element yang memiliki kemampuan antioksidan di dalam tubuh. Di dalam tubuh selenium berikatan dengan protein dan disebut dengan selenoprotein. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan kadar serum selenium antara orang yang obesitas dan normal, ada dugaan terkait dengan proses lipogenesis. Telaah literatur ini dilakukan untuk membahas peran selenium dalam kejadian obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur review dengan sumber data yaitu artikel yang dipublikasi pada scholar.google.com pada tahun 2019-2021. Artikel diperoleh dengan cara mencari menggunakan kata kunci “selenium and obesityâ€. Untuk dapat menguraikan keterkaitan antara selenium dan obesitas, ditetapkan berbagai kriteria artikel. Hasil seleksi menemukan ada 5 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Sebagian besar (80%) penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada manusia untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan selenium dengan obesitas menggunakan desain cross-sectional, hanya satu yang melakukan intervensi langsung dengan pemberian L-selenomethionine yang menunjukkan adanya perubahan komposisi tubuh. Responden obesitas mengalami defisiensi selenium baik pada asupan, konsentrasi plasma dan eritrosit, serta pada konsentrasi SePP1 dan aktivitas GPx. Hubungan selenium dan obesitas diduga melalui jalur sinyal dan hubungan timbal balik antara SePP di hati dan insulin di pankreas saat terjadi peningkatan glukosa darah. Ke depan, perlu penelusuran lanjut terkait efek ini pada daerah yang rentan mengalami defisiensi selenium untuk mengetahui rekomendasi suplementasi selenium pada individu obesitas.
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Kata kunci: obesitas; selenium; defisiensi selenium
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