Peran Komunitas dalam Konservasi Satwa Liar: Studi pada Kegiatan Penangkaran Burung Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) di Cagar Alam Panua, Gorontalo, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32662/insancita.v7i2.3987Abstract
Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam konservasi satwa liar merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati yang berkelanjutan, khususnya untuk spesies endemik dan terancam punah seperti burung Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) di Sulawesi, Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran komunitas lokal dalam upaya konservasi di Cagar Alam Panua, Gorontalo, dengan fokus utama pada pendalaman pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam pelestarian M.maleo.
Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, penelitian menerapkan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi untuk mengeksplorasi perspektif masyarakat terhadap konservasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan tingkat kesadaran masyarakat lokal yang signifikan terkait karakteristik unik M.maleo, status endemisnya, dan kebutuhan konservasi kritis. Seluruh responden menunjukkan pemahaman komprehensif tentang signifikansi ekologis spesies dan keterlibatan aktif dalam berbagai aktivitas konservasi, termasuk pemantauan habitat, program pelepasliaran, dan edukasi lingkungan.
Temuan kunci menegaskan pentingnya strategi konservasi berbasis masyarakat yang mengintegrasikan pengetahuan lokal dengan pendekatan ilmiah. Penelitian mengidentifikasi tantangan substantif seperti keterbatasan sumber daya finansial dan pengetahuan teknis, sekaligus mengungkap peluang signifikan untuk pengembangan kapasitas dan transfer pengetahuan antargenerasi. Pendekatan kolaboratif multipihak teridentifikasi sebagai faktor kritis dalam keberhasilan upaya konservasi.
Studi ini menekankan bahwa konservasi efektif melampaui sekadar perlindungan spesies, melainkan merepresentasikan hubungan dinamis antara komunitas manusia dan lingkungan alamnya. Dengan mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat secara aktif, konservasi dapat ditransformasi menjadi gerakan sosial yang bermakna, berkelanjutan, dan menjamin kelangsungan spesies endemik unik burung M.maleo.
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